About Norman Foster and Britains Modern Architecture

Pritzker Prize-winning architect Norman Foster (born June 1, 1935 in Manchester, England) is famous for futuristic designs — like Apple Headquarters in Cupertino, California — that explore technological shapes and social ideas. His big tent civic center constructed with the modern plastic ETFE even made the Guinness Book of World Records for being the worlds tallest tensile structure, yet it was built for the comfort and enjoyment of the Kazakhstan public. In addition to winning the most prestigious award for architecture, the Pritzker Prize, Foster has been knighted and granted the rank of baron by Queen Elizabeth II. For all of his celebrity, however, Foster came from humble beginnings. Born in a working class family, Norman Foster did not seem likely to become a famous architect. Although he was a good student in high school and showed an early interest in architecture, he did not enroll in college until he was 21 years old.   By the time he had decided to become an architect, Foster had been a radar technician in the Royal Air Forces and worked in the treasury department of Manchester Town Hall. In college he studied bookkeeping and commercial law, so he was prepared to handle the business aspects of an architectural firm when the time came. Foster won numerous scholarships during his years at Manchester University, including one to attend Yale University in the United States. He graduated from Manchester University School of Architecture in 1961 and went on to earn a Masters Degree at Yale on a Henry Fellowship. Returning to his native United Kingdom, Foster co-founded the successful Team 4 architectural firm in 1963. His partners were his wife, Wendy Foster, and the husband and wife team of Richard Rogers and Sue Rogers. His own firm, Foster Associates (Foster Partners), was founded in London in 1967. Foster Associates became known for high tech design that explored technological shapes and ideas. In his work, Foster often uses off-site manufactured parts and the repetition of modular elements. The firm frequently designs special components for other high-tech modernist buildings. He is a designer of parts that he elegantly assembles. Selected Early Projects After establishing his own architectural firm in 1967, the affable architect did not take long to be noticed with a portfolio of well-received projects. One of his first successes was the Willis Faber and Dumas Building built between 1971 and 1975 in Ipswich, England. No ordinary office building, the Willis Building is an asymmetrical, three-story blob of a structure, with a roof of grass to be enjoyed as a park space by the office workers. In 1975 Fosters design was a very early example of architecture that could be both energy efficient and socially responsible, to be used as a template for what is possible in an urban environment. The office building was quickly followed by the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, a gallery and educational facility built between 1974 and 1978 at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. In this building we begin to see the Foster enthusiasm for observable metal triangles and walls of glass. Internationally, attention was paid to Fosters high-tech skyscraper for the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) in Hong Kong, built between 1979 and 1986, and then the Century Tower built between 1987 and 1991 in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Asian successes were followed by the 53-story tallest building in Europe, the ecology-minded Commerzbank Tower, built from 1991 to 1997 in Frankfurt, Germany. The high profile Bilbao Metro in 1995 was part of the urban revitalization that swept the city of Bilbao, Spain. Back in the United Kingdom, Foster and Partners completed the Cranfield University Library in Bedfordshire (1992), the Faculty of Law at the University of Cambridge (1995), the American Air Museum at Duxford airfield in Cambridge (1997), and the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow (1997). In 1999 Norman Foster received architectures most prestigious award, the Pritzker Architecture Prize, and also  was honored by Queen Elizabeth II naming him Lord Foster of Thames Bank.The Pritzker jury cited his steadfast devotion to the principles of architecture as an art form, for his contributions in defining an architecture with high technological standards, and for his appreciation of the human values involved in producing consistently well-designed projects as their reasons for his becoming a Pritzker Laureate. Post-Pritzker Work Norman Foster never rested upon his laurels after winning the Pritzker Prize. He finished the Reichstag Dome for the new German Parliament in 1999, which remains one of Berlins most popular tourist attractions. The 2004 Millau Viaduct, a  cable-stayed bridge in Southern France, is one of the bridges youll want to cross at least once in your life. With this structure, the architects of the firm claim to be expressing a fascination with the relationship between function, technology and aesthetics in a graceful structural form. Throughout the years, Foster and Partners has continued to create office towers that explore the environmentally sensitive, uplifting workplace begun by Commerzbank in Germany and  the Willis Building in Britain. Additional office towers include the Torre Bankia (Torres Repsol), Cuatro Torres Business Area in Madrid, Spain (2009), the Hearst Tower in New York City (2006),   the Swiss Re in London (2004), and The Bow in Calgary, Canada (2013). Other interests of the Foster group have been the transportation sector  Ã¢â‚¬â€ including the 2008 Terminal T3 in Beijing, China and Spaceport America in New Mexico, the U.S. in 2014 — and building with Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, creating plastic buildings like the 2010 Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center in Astana, Kazakhstan and the 2013 SSE Hydro in Glasgow, Scotland. Lord Norman Foster in London One need only visit London to receive a lesson in Norman Foster architecture. The most recognizable Foster design is the 2004 office tower for Swiss Re at 30 St Mary Axe in London. Locally called The Gherkin, the missile-shaped building is a case study for computer-aided design and energy and environmental design. Within site of the gherkin is the most-used Foster tourist attraction, the Millennium Bridge over the Thames River. Built in 2000, the pedestrian bridge also has a nickname  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚   it became known as the Wobbly Bridge when 100,000 people rhythmically crossed during the opening week, which created an unnerving sway. The Foster firm has called it greater than expected lateral movement created by synchronised pedestrian footfall. Engineers installed dampers under the deck, and the bridge has been good-to-go ever since. Also in 2000, Foster and Partners put a cover over the Great Court at the British Museum, which has become another tourist destination. Throughout his career, Norman Foster has chosen projects to be used by different population groups — the residential housing project Albion Riverside in 2003; the futuristic modified sphere of London City Hall, a public building in 2002; and the 2015 rail station enclosure called Crossrail Place Roof Garden at Canary Wharf, which incorporates a rooftop park beneath ETFE plastic cushions. Whatever project completed for whatever user community, the designs of Norman Foster will always be first class. In Fosters Own Words I think one of the many themes in my work is the benefits of triangulation that can make structures rigid with less material. — 2008 Buckminster Fuller was the kind of green guru...He was a design scientist, if you like, a poet, but he foresaw all the things that are happening now....You can go back to his writings: its quite extraordinary. It was at that time, with an awareness fired by Buckys prophecies, his concerns as a citizen, as a kind of citizen of the planet, that influenced my thinking and what we were doing at that time. — 2006 SUMMARY: Triangulation in Norman Foster Buildings The Bow, 2013, Calgary, CanadaGeorge Rose/Getty ImagesThe people of Calgary call this building not only the most beautiful in Calgary and the best skyscraper in Canada, but it is also the tallest building outside of Toronto, at least for now. The crescent-shaped design of The Bow makes this Alberta skyscraper 30 percent lighter than most modern buildings its size. Named after the River Bow, Norman Fosters building was built between 2005 and 2013 as a mixed-use structure anchored by the headquarters of Cenovus Energy, Inc. Its curved design faces south  Ã¢â‚¬â€ gathering valuable heat and natural daylight  Ã¢â‚¬â€ with a convex facade toward the prevailing wind. Designed as a diagrid, six stories for each triangulated section, most offices of the 58 story skyscraper (775 feet; 239 meters) have a window view because of the curved design. Constructed of trussed-tubes, steel-framed with a glass curtain wall, The Bow has three interior sky gardens — on levels 24, 42 and 54.30 St Mary Axe, 2004, London, EnglandDavid Crespo/Getty ImagesThe visual geometry of what locals call The Gherkin changes as point of view changes — seen from above, the patterns create a kaleidoscope.Hearst Tower, 2006, New York CityhAndrew C Mace/Getty ImagesThe modern 42-story tower completed in 2006 on top of the 1928 Hearst building is both award-winning and controversial. Norman Foster built the high-tech tower atop the six-story Hearst International Magazine Building designed by Joseph Urban and George P. Post. Foster claims that his design preserved the faà §ade of the existing structure and establishes a creative dialogue between the old and new. Some have said, A dialog? Oh, really? To the unsuspecting, the Hearst Corporation global headquarters is a shocking site as one crosses 57th Street at 8th Avenue in New York City. Like The Bow, the Hearst Tower is a diagrid, using 20% less steel than similar structures. True to Foster architecture, the Tower is constructed of 85% recycled steel and   high performance low emission glass with integrated roller blinds. Harvested roof water is recycled throughout the building, including to the Atriums three-story waterfall wall called Icefall. The building received a LEED Platinum; certification. Sources Foster Partners, Projects, https://www.fosterandpartners.comJury Citation, The Hyatt Foundation, https://www.pritzkerprize.com/1999/juryLord Norman Foster. Interview by Vladimir Belogolovskiy, archi.ru, June 30, 2008, https://archi.ru/en/6679/lord-norman-foster-fosterpartners-intervyu-i-tekst-vladimira-belogolovskogo [accessed May 28, 2015]My green agenda for architecture, December 2006, TED Talk at the 2007 DLD (Digital-Life-Design) Conference, Munich, Germany,  https://www.ted.com/talks/norman_foster_s_green_agenda [accessed May 28, 2015]Project Description, foster partners, http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/the-bow/The Bow, Emporis, https://www.emporis.com/buildings/282150/the-bow-calgary-canada [accessed July 26, 2013]Specifications, The Bow Building, www.the-bow.com/specifications/ [accessed August 14, 2016]Project Description, foster partners, http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/hearst-tower/ [accessed July 30, 2013]Hearst Tower, http://www.hearst.com/real-es tate/hearst-tower [accessed July 30, 2013]

Essay on North Eastern Chinese Stereotypes - 1383 Words

A few decades ago, social scientists believed that only rigid, repressed and authoritarian people held stereotypes (Paul 18). However, according to several recent studies, stereotypes are unconsciously used by everyone in the world. Annie Murphy Paul proposes that stereotypes form because people categorize others into certain groups in terms of gender, age and race, and then evaluate them with in-group/out-group dynamics, which means that people look down upon those who are not in their group in order to elevate themselves. Aside from the obvious differences between humans, such as gender, Forster, Gerger and Leder (2013) propose that trivial factors like facial expressions also influence stereotyping and contribute to people’s†¦show more content†¦The results showed that although the participants did not consider themselves racists, they carried stereotypes of black people. Similar experiments were conducted to test whether people held other stereotypes of homosexual s, elder people, and women. The results showed that people responded faster when negative words were paired with these minority groups as well. It seems hard to believe that everyone carries stereotypes, but from my personal experiences, I do believe so. When introducing myself, Id like to tell others about my hometown, Dalian. It is located in the North Eastern part of China. However, every time my Chinese friends, who do not come from the same region as me, find out that I am from North Eastern China, they say You do not act like people from North Eastern China!. I ask them why, and their answers are roughly the same: people from North Eastern China are hard to get along with because they are quick-tempered and violent, but I am nice and sweet. Some of my friends even believed that North Eastern China is very dangerous because there have been many gangsters. However, when I asked them why they believed so, they could barely give me an answer because they did not know how they came to believe in the stereotype either. This fits perfectly with the definition of implicit stereotyping that Banaji proposed. She defines implicit stereotyping as the process in which people knowShow MoreRelatedNorth Eastern Chinese Stereotypes Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesput in my writing project #2, which is about stereotypes of North Eastern Chinese people, and writing project #3, which is about the relationship between money and happiness. I will discuss each writing project that I chose, the reason why I chose them, and revision that I made. Writing project #2 is about applying reading as a lens. 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North American populations, influenced by cultural norms of independence, display strong needs (and desires) to view the self in a positive light and typically score above the theoretical mid-point on self-esteem scales (Baumeister, Tice and Hutton, 1989). Westerners tend toRead MoreThe Cold War On The United States And The Soviet Union1555 Words   |  7 PagesStalin accepted despite feeling as if he was scheming behind his back. Although the outcome of the Chinese-Soviet conflict was somewhat beneficial to Stalin, the US took it upon itself to use the hostilities in the East to move forward with a rearmament of West Germany and, much to Stalin’s dismay, the American government increased covert operations to assist anti-Communist movements in Eastern Europe. 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The dragon in the first five regions is â€Å"fully developed,† a highly elaborated theme in folklore, mythology and in ritual (520). In North America however, the trend seems to stray from this description. Dragons in this region are described as an undeveloped phenomenon. Although there are these differencesRead MoreFeminism : Gender And Gender Inequality1834 Words   |  8 Pagesheightening of women s consciousness, attempts to combat the old and new problems women faced, and, most important, the development of women s organizations and women s studies groups and programs at Chinese universities† (162). Movements began popping up from the injustices that were being endured by Chinese women. The women s movement that developed in China was in direct response to the conditions that conditions that were created from a changing cultural dynamic in the country. Responses from the

Corporate Social Responsibility Work Culture

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibility for Work Culture. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility is the newly introduced theme of the current work culture of the corporate. Main objective of this concept is to do something for the society by the corporate to make the society feel about the effort of the corporate. There are different fields of CSR is being practiced by the corporate to make their presence felt in the corporate world with the view of serving the society with different ways. It is mostly found that CSR is being introduced by the big corporate houses to make the awareness of different social issues like environment, drug abuse, exploitation of child labor and awareness of the community for the ill effects of different issues which can hamper the social stability. This activity is mainly part of their social duties with specific budget being allotted for the purpose. The activities related to CSR enhance the position of the corporate in the community and thus makes them proud to be part of the effective contributors to the society (Le xicon, 2016). Body: CSR is being practiced by the corporate for the purpose of enhancement of society with the living standards and raise of awareness of the community related to different issues which affect the society and the respective community. Cost / Benefit of CSR: The event of social responsibility attracts different types of costs which had been classified under three different heads- sunk costs, recurrent costs, and opportunity costs. To exemplify different costs, we can consider different cases of CSR. When any corporate is engaged in environment related activities under their program of CSR, the cost implication is of capital in nature with nil return so far revenue is concerned and thus it is considered as sunk cost as per the definition of economics is concerned. The recurrent costs are involved in such activities of the corporate related to CSR which is developed for mass awareness in different issues with social aspects given priority and at times the accumulated recurrent costs towards these activities cross the capital cost. The opportunity costs in CSR of any corporate is involved in different activities of the corporate which are related to business operations like uplift of employees, community and the society as a whole for the m utual benefit of the corporate and the community. An effective CSR program can enhance the image of the corporate in the eyes of employees, who are the best assets to the corporate. An efficient CSR program raises benefit to the corporate in different ways. While the environmental issues are taken up by any corporate, the same activity makes the image of the corporate in the level of HR and the society. Being a responsible partner to the society, the corporate attract good employees with higher skills and thus the employees add value to the contribution of the corporate by their best of efforts. The effect of environmental activities by a corporate can ensure the control of green gas emission which helps the global environment to make it livable for the future generation and that effort is always being appraised by the stakeholders of the organization at every level irrespective of the nature of the stakeholders. (CSR, 2012) Accounting Concepts and Standards for Sustainability Report: Normally accounting means financial accounting which is more concentrated with the concepts of capital flows in monetary terms. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is equipped with the framework to quantify and report in the terms of fianc the several items of the said curriculum like assets, liabilities and the equity of the owner which is named as capital. Financial accounting is providing some elements of non-financial and sustainability activities. While the assets cover tangible and intangible assets, the evaluation of intangible assets is more on speculation with the justified way of deriving them. For the purpose of determining the sustainability of any corporate, the measures are set by Sustainability Accounting Standard Board (SASB)(Aasb, 2011). The parameters fixed by SASB to determine the credential of any CSR program are mainly depending upon different metrics or indicators which cover both qualitative and quantitative measures which includes following features for determination of sustainability of any corporate: Highlighting of critical capital with proper management Susceptibility of reduction or misuse of these capitals Strategy fixation for arrangement of alternative resources Threats related to wrong management of some environmental or social issues Opportunities towards challenge of sustainability in respect of global or industry (Sasb, 2013). CSR- Compulsion or Voluntary Part of Company CSR is not compulsory but the companies opt for it tog et better mileage of their identity. Mainly big companies go for it. At the same time the companies involved in the industries which may cause hazard to the environment and mankind have to opt for this to ensure the sustainability of the company and the global environment. Two justifications for the compulsory implementation of CSR- a) to ensure the rehabilitation process of the damage caused by the manufacturing process of any company like mining companies, and b) to ensure that the social hazards to be met by the company for its area of operation, like the manufacturer of liquor has to opt for CSR to make people aware also for the ill effect of consumption of this inc case it consume more than the limit. Two justifications for the voluntary implementation of CSR program are- a) to raise the image of the company in the social and community perspective, and b) to make people of the community understand about the sustainability pr ogram which will give rich dividend to the people in long run, like running a school in the community. Conclusion: To opine in the said subject, nobody can ignore the role of sustainability in corporate world. With the cut throat competition to be faced in business, the corporate tries to exploit the opportunities through CSR program with which the company can gain a lot to find the edge in the competition of recent business scenario. References Aasb. (2011, November 10). Australian Accounting Standards Board: Annual Report 2010-11. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from Aasb: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB_Annual_Report_2010-11.pdf Conceptual Framework Of The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board. (2013, 10). cinceptual framework , 3-4. CSR. (2012). Project, Sino-German Corporate Social Responsibility. Costs and Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) , 3. Lexicon. (2016). Definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Retrieved 09 17, 2016, from https://lexicon.ft.com/: https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--(CSR) Sasb. (2013, 10). Conceptual Framework. 3-4.

Consumer Decision Making in Food Context

Questions: 1.Make Communication and Professional Presentation of Report.2.What are Consumer Decision Making in Food Context3.What is Development of Appealing Offer.4.Development of an Effective Branding Strategy.5.Incorporation of Appropriate Strategies to Interrupt Routine Behaviour at Point of Sale. Answers: 1.Introduction Food marketing can be defined as the activities that take place between the farming sites to the final consumers. There are a lot of procedures involved such as processing, wholesaling, retailing, food service, and transportation (Pomeranz and Adler 2015). Food marketing allows communication between companies and the consumers to influence the purchasing decision of consumers. Food purchasing satisfies the physiological need of the individuals. However, the consumer decision process may not necessarily be the fulfilment of basic physiological needs (Cairns et al. 2013). It is important for the marketers to understand the notion of food beyond satisfying hunger. The study of consumer behaviour shall enhance the understanding of the processes involved in satisfying needs through purchase of products and services (Powell, Harris and Fox 2013). This report aims to develop a food marketing strategy for healthy food products. The knowledge of consumer decision making is applied in food mar keting by identifying the target market, highlighting consumer decision making process and explaining the stages of consumer decision making process. Further, an appealing offer is developed using the marketing mix strategy. An effective branding strategy is also developed in the next section. Lastly, appropriate strategies are incorporated to interrupt routine behaviour at point of sale through extensive packaging and labelling. Other point of presence strategies is also formulated. 2.Consumer Decision Making in Food Context The food marketing process not just involves marketing of products to consumers, but also states the reasons of such influences. Different elements such as attitudes, demographics, values, price willingness and consumer attitude influence consumer decision making (Maity and Dass 2014). Target Market The target market for food marketing is selected after defining multiple segments. For marketing the food products, the organizations need to understand and satisfy consumer needs better than the competitors. The target market for healthy food products are health and weight conscious people who prefer having an active lifestyle with a special diet aged 20-35. The health and weight conscious people prefer maintaining or losing weight and prefer food that gives them a reasonable calorie count. The people with an active lifestyle who are involved in running, rock climbing, mountain biking and others prefer eating healthy food (Freeland-Graves and Nitzke 2013). Consumer Decision Making As every consumer is different, and have different needs and wants, the demand for food differs for every individual. Habitual decisions refer to the least conscious efforts made for purchase when people buy basic products such as milk or bread. Further, limited decision making involves decisions taken with minimal thought such as rotating cereal brands. In the given scenario, the food marketing strategy is developed for health conscious people (Freeland-Graves and Nitzke 2013). Therefore, they make extensive decision making as it is more complex than routine and limited purchasing decision process. The extensive decision making process is followed as the method is out of ordinary for an individual. The businesses need to provide maximum information about their products to accomplish sales (Karimi, Papamichail and Holland 2015). Stages of the Decision Process A consumer goes through a series of steps before purchasing food products. As extensive decision making is followed for healthy food products, the consumers go through a series of steps. The first stage is problem recognition. In this stage, the problem of consumers is to improve their health and undertake a diet that has low fats and carbohydrates (Becker et al. 2015). The consumer enters the second stage information search in which they research diets online. Data may also be gathered from peers, friends and family. In the third stage, the consumers evaluate alternatives by comparing different approaches and brands to maintain a healthy diet (Chen and Lobo, 2012). In the fourth stage, a product is chosen from the alternatives that are considered as feasible, affordable and meeting the health needs of consumers. In the last stage of post purchase evaluation, the outcomes are observed if the consumer needs are met and a balanced weight and health is maintained (Drescher, Roosen and M arette 2014). 3.Development of Appealing Offer For ensuring sale of products, the companies need to develop an appealing offer using the marketing mix framework. Food marketing goes beyond branding and packaging, it needs to look at the four significant elements that make products highly lucrative. Product In case of healthy food products, the health and weight conscious consumers shall prefer fat free or diet food that shall help in maintaining weight. For example, the individuals may choose to buy cereal. They can be offered variants in cereal with different flavours and fragrances that would make the products appealing. Such variants shall provide the consumers with high fibre breakfast with minerals, vitamins and no fats along with the goodness of different flavours such as strawberry, banana and others. The companies can invest money in brand building as the main focus can be laid on healthy ingredients. Different forms and variety of food in both solid and liquid form can be offered to the consumers. Not only it must be made from wholesome ingredients, but it must also look good and taste well. The organizations can either create a healthy food product or modify a few ingredients to add to health and improve the existing product. After the necessary changes, the food product can be manufactured and sold in the market (Harrington, Ottenbacher and Fauser 2017). Price While setting price for the food, the manufacturers must ensure that the retailers add 50% to the price after it buys from the wholesaler. The prices must be attractive as the health conscious consumers are willing to buy premium prices products. Premium prices may be set as the consumers need to feel ensured regarding the high quality of products. Market research must be conducted before setting price. Competitive prices may be set for similar products having the same base or ingredients (Hanssens et al. 2014) Promotion The marketing professionals need to conduct marketing and communication activities where the consumers can be informed about the health quotient of the product. The multiple locations to promote food products to the consumers are in-store and out-of store. The campaign for healthy products can be conducted where the target market can be influenced to purchase products. Moreover, strong campaigning can convert the potential consumers into new customers. Public relations strategy can help in building quality brand image. Further, social media marketing sites such as Facebook and Twitter can help in spreading message in masses. The promotional strategy should involve such elements as the audience that must be targeted with the advertising, as well as the amount that should be spent on the advertising and the amount of return expected from the advertising (Dixon et al. 2014). Place Place can be defined as the warehousing and distribution efforts made by the food manufacturers to move to a convenient location. The food products must be competent for market share. The marketers consider the ways in which they can move product from one location to another. The cost is also considered. Healthy food products must be sold in both retail stores and online channels. Also, the product location in the store shelf also affects the consumer behaviour such as the end of an aisle; the top, bottom, or middle shelf; in a special display case. Market stores are the main places for distributing the companys products. The vast majority of sales transactions occur in these stores. However, the companies must also have an online store where people can place their orders. The firm offers delivery service for online purchases (Dixon et al. 2014). 4.Effective Branding Strategy Brand building increases the consumer awareness and voice of a brand apart from giving it worth and identity. The first stage involves defining the brand by highlighting the core strengths. The health benefits that shall be provided to the consumers can be defined so that the consumers know about the brand values. The well-being of the consumers must be clearly stated by consuming healthy products. Further, the companies must differentiate and position the brand in a manner it stands out from the competitors. The brand name must sound healthy. No false claims must be made. Further, names and phrases such as gluten free, fat-free, no added preservatives and others can attract consumers (Rubio, Oubina and Villasenor 2014). Attractive logos and superficial elements may be used so that the consumers choose to purchase particular healthy product over its competitors. Further, the brand must be exposed in the promotional channels, forums and social media that would create a voice for the brand. Multiple brand building campaigns must be built by personalization (Anselmsson, Vestman and Johansson 2014). Top brands encourage consumer-brand interaction by personalizing products to meet the needs and preferences of consumers. Knowing the target audience, the company shall solidify its message and increase confidence in the steps to take to connect with that audience (Chkanikova and Lehner 2015). 5.Incorporation of Exquisite Strategies Routine or habitual behaviour refers to the no conscious or very little conscious buying. Such purchases are automatic in nature as it is behavioural in nature. Such purchases involve minimum thinking and it is very hard for the marketers to break through and influence the consumers. To interrupt routine behaviour at point of sale, the companies may incorporate appropriate strategies and enhance the labelling, packaging and other standards to influence the consumers. Packaging and Labelling The food companies can adopt certain strategies that would enhance the products. A container must be chosen for packaging that would impress the consumers. The colour, material and size affect brand perception of the consumers. Further, the companies may improve products favourability by hiring a professional designer. The labelling must contain all necessary information regarding ingredients, nutritional content and warnings in the food product. The appearance, attractiveness and size of the packaging affect consumer perceptions towards the brand. Fresh food can be packaged using techniques such as vacuum packaging, skin packaging and others. The colour psychology must be followed as it affects the mood, emotion and human behaviour. The packaging materials used must be high quality as it affects the opinion about brand. The website address or other contact details can also be provided in the packaging that gives customers a chance to contact the company. Other POP Strategies Point of Purchase or Point of Presence strategies refer to the marketing strategies where the individuals can gain multiple POP touch points. Price promotions can be made where purchasing a healthy product can get a consumer 50% discount. Multipack buys can encourage sale of more healthy products. The taste testing can enable the consumers to buy products only if they like its taste. Recipe card holders and information pamphlets can also enhance POP sales. The digital and interactive media regarding the best usage of food products in the healthiest manner can also influence the consumers. These tricks can help the consumers influence behaviour. Conclusion Conclusively, food purchasing satisfies the physiological need of the individuals. The study of consumer behaviour shall enhance the understanding of the processes involved in satisfying needs through purchase of products and services. The target market for healthy food products are health and weight conscious people who prefer having an active lifestyle with a special diet aged 20-35. The extensive decision making process is followed as the method is out of ordinary for an individual. The problem of consumers is to improve their health and undertake a diet that has low fats and carbohydrates. The outcomes are observed if the consumer needs are met and a balanced weight and health is maintained. Different forms and variety of food in both solid and liquid form can be offered to the consumers. Premium prices may be set as the consumers need to feel ensured regarding the high quality of products. The campaign for healthy products can be conducted where the target market can be influenc ed to purchase products. The well-being of the consumers must be clearly stated by consuming healthy products. References: Anselmsson, J., Vestman Bondesson, N. and Johansson, U., 2014. Brand image and customers' willingness to pay a price premium for food brands.Journal of Product Brand Management, 23(2), pp.90-102. Becker, N., Tavor, T., Friedler, L. and Bar, P., 2015. Two Stages Decision Process Toward Organic Food: The Case of Organic Tomatoes in Israel.Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 39(3), pp.342-361. Cairns, G., Angus, K., Hastings, G. and Caraher, M., 2013. Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary.Appetite, 62, pp.209-215. Chen, J. and Lobo, A., 2012. Organic food products in China: determinants of consumers purchase intentions.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 22(3), pp.293-314. Chkanikova, O. and Lehner, M., 2015. Private eco-brands and green market development: towards new forms of sustainability governance in the food retailing.Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, pp.74-84. Dixon, H., Scully, M., Kelly, B., Chapman, K. and Wakefield, M., 2014. Response to: Counter-advertising to combat unhealthy food marketing will not be enough. Commentary on Can counter-advertising reduce pre-adolescent children's susceptibility to front-of-package promotions on unhealthy foods? Experimental research.Social Science Medicine, 116, pp.223-224. Drescher, L., Roosen, J. and Marette, S., 2014. The effects of traffic light labels and involvement on consumer choices for food and financial products.International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(3), pp.217-227. Freeland-Graves, J. and Nitzke, S., 2013. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Total Diet Approach to Healthy Eating.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(2), pp.307-317. Hanssens, D., Pauwels, K., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer Attitude Metrics for Guiding Marketing Mix Decisions.Marketing Science, 33(4), pp.534-550. Harrington, R., Ottenbacher, M. and Fauser, S., 2017. QSR brand value: Marketing mix dimensions among McDonald's, KFC, Burger King, Subway and Starbucks.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), pp.551-570. Karimi, S., Papamichail, K. and Holland, C., 2015. The effect of prior knowledge and decision-making style on the online purchase decision-making process: A typology of consumer shopping behaviour.Decision Support Systems, 77, pp.137-147. Kirchler, E. and Hoelzl, E., 2011. Economic and Psychological Determinants of Consumer Behavior.Zeitschrift fr Psychologie, 219(4), pp.195-197. Maity, M. and Dass, M., 2014. Consumer decision-making across modern and traditional channels: E-commerce, m-commerce, in-store.Decision Support Systems, 61, pp.34-46. Pomeranz, J. and Adler, S., 2015. Defining Commercial Speech in the Context of Food Marketing.The Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics, 43(s1), pp.40-43. Powell, L., Harris, J. and Fox, T., 2013. Food Marketing Expenditures Aimed at Youth.American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(4), pp.453-461. Rubio, N., Oubia, J. and Villaseor, N., 2014. Brand awarenessBrand quality inference and consumers risk perception in store brands of food products.Food Quality and Preference, 32, pp.289-298.

Section 5 Essay Example

Section 5 Paper †¢ What is a trophic state of a water body, and what factors influence this state? †¦? Factors influencing are P, Chlorophyll, and turbidity.Temperature, pH, sediment load, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metalsOligotrophic: BlueEutrophic: GreenMesotrophic: In between. †¢ What factors affect the temperature of a water body? Water upstream, ground water vs. surface run off. †¢ What factors affect the pH of a water body? Acids and bases. Inputs and by alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity. †¢ What factors affect the dissolved oxygen of a water body? Affected by temperature, altitude, turbulence, and partial pressure in the dissolved phase (autotrophs). Oxygenating bodies increases degradation of organic matter load and can be applied as a restoration technique. †¢ How can high sediment load impair water quality? It delivers nutrients and toxins, shade water columns, fills pore space, water temperature, habitat†¦? †¢ Which two elements are â€Å"nutrients†, and what are sources of these nutrients to water bodies? Nitrogen and Phosphorous – most commonly limit growth of aquatic plants and algae. Sources: Natural fixation, fertilized, fossil fuel combustion. †¢ Define eutrophication, and list some of its harmful consequences. Process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. Negative effects can include hypoxia (depletion of oxygen in the water†¦ can result in reductions in fish and other animal populations). Excessive algae, their death results in depletion of oxygen in water.

Todays Politics of the Mexican Government essays

Todays Politics of the Mexican Government essays Even with the National Action Partys 61-year existence it was only able to gain the support required to win an election this past year (lcweb2, frd_7olY). The party had always, with the exception of two elections, been able to win second place to the Institutional Revolutionary Party. It took the character of Vicente Fox to win the popular vote and remove the long ruling PRI. Fox wasnt the only force helping to end the 71 year one party rule, the National Democratic Institute, which oversees the validity of elections in democratically struggling countries, watched carefully to see that the PRI did not continue its traditional election tampering. With the election of Fox, the Mexican people are expecting the new party to do what the former government couldnt. If Fox fails it could lead the country away from the path to democracy. Vicente Fox is a 58-year-old divorced father of four adopted children who had spent most of his adult life rising through the political ranks and fighting the PRI the whole way. He was not unaccustomed to fighting his way to success after his career with Mexicos Coca-Cola Corporation. He began at Coke as a route supervisor and within 10 years became the companys youngest president at age 32. Entering politics at 1987 he won a federal Congressmans seat just a year later. In the same year he began his protest of fraud in the presidential elections by taping the burning of electoral ballots. He lost his bid for the governor of his home state allegedly due to the PRIs election tampering but this only further set his mind on the presidency. Rather than depend on the support of those in the National Action Party, Fox established the Friends of Fox to raise the money and the support for his presidential run (ft, spc886). The Campaign was a tough one, Fox and Labastida, the PRI candidate, were considered to be in a dead heat right up to the elect...

Case 3-2 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

3-2 - Case Study Example Nonetheless, in order to meet such challenges effectively, many organisations in the current context are widely implementing IT governance practice. IT governance initiatives of many organizations are predominately directed towards reducing risks and cost control (Milne & Bowles, 2009). It is equally important that adequate funding is made available for the IT projects. Budgeting of IT projects needs to be made on the basis of prioritisation. In this regard, it has become essential for the organisations to effectively manage IT priorities and align them with business strategies and goals for ensuring desirable outcome (Teo et al., 2000; Berander & Andrews n.d.). At the same time, successful IT leadership is also an imperative factor for ensuring project success. The prime role of IT leaders in the current highly dynamic business environment is not confined to ensuring the effectiveness of the IT program but priority needs to be placed on the overall success of the business (Delisi et al., 2009). Correspondingly, the concerned case study, ‘Volkswagen of America: Managing IT Priorities’ describes the endeavours that have been made by Volkswagen of America (VWoA), the US subsidiary of Volkswagen AG (VWAG) in order to achieve the goal of establishing IT funding priorities and determining the type of project to be funded. The first Volkswagen automobile was designed during the period of 1930s in Germany by Ferdinand Porsche. Initially, Volkswagen was engaged in the development of the low-mid range vehicles that were targeted at the mass market. The success of the company upsurge significantly and worldwide popularity was accorded by the company primarily during 1960s with the development Beetle that was accompanied with air-cooled engine feature. After witnessing rapid growth in the 1960s, the sales of the vehicles dropped dramatically during the early 1970s. The fall in the sales of the company was primarily due the failure of the managers